Precisamos que o Fundo de Patentes funcione: uma Nota Conjunta da Treatment Action Campaign, Treatment Action Group, HIV i-Base, European AIDS Treatment Group e SECTION27

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• 16 November 2011 - The exorbitant price of AIDS medicines, especially antiretrovirals, has been one of the main barriers to people with HIV accessing them, especially in developing countries. As activist organisations we have been at the forefront of many of the struggles to make medicines affordable.

  A patent gives a pharmaceutical company the exclusive right to manufacture and market a medicine. The patent lasts for 20 years from the date of filing the patent application. Companies typically patent medicines that they develop, they buy patents from other companies or they enter into exclusive licensing arrangements with universities or small companies that have developed medicines but do not have the capacity to bring them to market.

  The purpose of patents is to encourage research and development into new medicines. The problem is that patents ordinarily create monopoly conditions which allow companies to charge exorbitant prices. Over the last 15 years, some developing world governments and activists have battled pharmaceutical companies to reduce medicine prices. They have won many hard-fought concessions that have brought down the prices of life-saving drugs and allowed millions of people to go onto antiretroviral treatment. But new generation patented drugs that have fewer side effects, are easier to take or offer treatment alternatives to people resistant to current regimens, are mostly unaffordable. Yet they will soon be needed by millions of people. Furthermore, the struggles for lower medicine prices have to a large degree depended on country-specific laws and the capacity of activists in those countries to organise. Crucially, it is not sustainable to fight drug-by-drug, country-by-country for concessions from the pharmaceutical industry.

  One of the initiatives that has resulted from these struggles is the Patent Pool . This is an initiative by activists and UNITAID [1] to negotiate concessions from the pharmaceutical companies on an international scale to license their products through the patent pool. Multiple generic producers will then be able to access these licenses, stimulating sufficient competition between generic producers to drive down prices. The pool also aims to spur the production of generic combinations of medicines, where patents on medicines are held by a number of different companies.

  There is no guarantee the Patent Pool concept will work. It ultimately depends on pharmaceutical companies entering into voluntary agreements that dilute the monopolies that patents give them. Getting pharmaceutical companies to the negotiating table requires ongoing activist pressure and protests. It requires co-ordinated strategies to monitor prices and patents, pressure governments to use the powers they have under TRIPS [2] to license essential medicines and campaigns to expose profiteering from health.
  
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• 我们需要专利池来工作：一项由治疗行动运动、治疗行动小组、艾滋病网络基地、欧洲艾滋病治疗组和第27部分签署的共同声明

  2011年11月16日 - 艾滋病药物尤其是抗逆转录病毒药物昂贵的价格，已经成为艾滋病感染者获取它们的主要障碍，特别是在发展中国家。作为活动家们的组织，我们已经在许多次斗争的最前线，力争使药物让大家负担得起。
  
  一项专利使一家制药公司拥有生产和销售一种药物的专有权。专利权从提出专利申请之日起有20年保护期，通常公司把他们开发的药物申请专利，他们购买其他公司的专利，或与那些开发药物但没有能力将药物带入市场的大学或小公司签订独家许可。
  
  专利的目的是鼓励研究和开发新药物。问题是，专利通常制造垄断条件，允许企业收取高昂的价格。在过去的15年里，一些发展中国家的政府和活动家与制药公司作战以降低药品价格。他们艰苦斗争赢得了许多让步，带来了拯救生命药物价格的下降，使数以百万计的人可以得到抗逆转录病毒治疗。但是，副作用少并更容易服用或对现在的疗法产生耐药的人提供治疗选择的新一代专利药物，很多是买不起的，可很快数以百万计的人将对这些药物有需求。此外，降低药品价格的斗争，在很大程度上取决于这些国家的法律和积极分子组织的能力。最重要的是，如果向制药业一种药一种药一个国家一个国家那样争取让步是无法持续的。
  
  这些斗争的措施之一是专利池。这是一个由活动家和国际药品采购机制（UNITAID）[1]与制药公司谈判让步，从而在国际范围内，通过专利池对其产品发放许可的措施。这样更多的非专利产品制造商可以获取许可，刺激他们产生充分竞争以降低价格。专利池也可以刺激非专利制造商将不同公司持有的专利药物进行组合生产。
  
  专利池的概念是否可行没有保证，它最终取决于制药公司是否签署无偿协议，淡化因专利带给他们的垄断。让药物公司坐到谈判桌上，取决于活动家们的压力和抗议。它需要统筹的战略，以监测价格和专利，给政府压力让他们运用知识产权协议（TRIPS）下的权力，给基本药物发放许可，并允许举办揭露谋取健康暴利的宣传活动。
  
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  Traduzido por zhenli 17 Junho, 2012
  

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